Marketing Plan for Redbox Essay

Redbox is a DVD/Blu-Ray rental organization which uses stand machines set in helpful, high-traffic areas. The first Redbox stand was opened by McDonald’s in 2002. Redbox was later bought by Coinstar, Inc. , and throughout the years, Redbox has leased more than one billion motion pictures and has developed to in excess of 27,000 areas in cafés, supermarkets, drug stores and comfort stores across the nation. Redbox ends up being a special method to lease DVD’s and by the idea of Redbox’s rental procedure, most organizations would profit by the expanded traffic created by having a stand machine at their area. This kind of relationship ends up being a success win circumstance for both Redbox and the organizations which are lodging the booth machine. Redbox’s essential objective market ends up being the occupied, I don’t have the opportunity to visit Blockbuster or login to Netflix sort of customer. There booth machines are situated in like manner shopping areas which loan themselves to the â€Å"lazy† buyer. Moreover, Redbox is likewise focusing on the easygoing film watcher who isn’t essentially planning on leasing a film. In a manner Redbox has transformed leasing motion pictures into a drive thing. Accordingly, Redbox gives buyers an assistance never observed and has developed as one of the biggest DVD rental chains on the planet. Redbox’s promoting blend is straightforward, one of a kind, and sharp. They have effectively transformed a shopping thing into an accommodation thing. Circumstances are different since the principal film rental store, Magnetic Video, was opened during 1977 in Los Angeles, California. During that time home PCs were scarcely observed and the web was no place not too far off, so film rental stores with great client care gave the purchaser information about the motion pictures they were keen on. Be that as it may, in today’s quick moving, data crazed world, buyers can acquire better data on the fly with there Blackberry, iPhone, or some other web prepared handheld gadget. Clearly Redbox perceived that customers by and large definitely recognize what films they need to watch and they don't have to visit a film rental area to get these hot new DVD discharges. In addition to the fact that Redbox provides an exceptional help, they give it easily at advantageous areas. Most film rental stores charge $4-5 to lease another discharge for roughly 3 days, though Redbox offers a comparative assistance for $1. 29 every night. This is amazingly modest considering most buyers watch their film rental that day they lease it. Moreover, Redbox gets this minimal effort film rental item to the customer through a channel of appropriation verifiably connected with nibble nourishments and pop. By giving film rentals through candy machines called booths situated at shopping areas where buyers as of now go to shop, they have wiped out a significant part of the expenses related with customary film rental stores and the requirement for buyers to make an extra stop just to lease a film. Since Redbox’s beginning, it has encountered gigantic development and benefit, however they should advance so as to advance beyond the bend. In spite of the fact that Redbox seems to have built up themselves as a considerable contender to Netflix and Blockbuster, they are confronting a frightful reality. The bring home film rental business is quickly losing ground to web based gushing video legitimately to consumers’ homes by means of the web. Netflix has just been offering this assistance for a long while and both Redbox and Blockbuster are feeling the weight. Blockbuster, Inc. has just looked into going chapter 11 and may close customary physical areas altogether. Redbox should change their promoting procedure essentially so as to remain serious. The business is changing and Redbox should truly consider giving a practical web based spilling video administration which can match Netflix. I propose Redbox should stop all endeavors in giving any more booth machines so they may concentrate the majority of their assets to furnishing the buyers with what they need, web based spilling video. Netflix has just got a head start, yet even they won't be a restrictive online assistance for a couple of more years. Thus, Redbox must follow the cash on the off chance that they intend to be good to go in the following five years. Then again, Redbox likewise has a brilliant chance to increase an enormous piece of the overall industry in the gaming business. Redbox needs to turn into the solitary organization to offer computer game rentals through candy machines. Redbox is ready to accomplish this objective with almost no exertion and with their solitary conceivable rival around there being Blockbuster, they make certain to make enormous benefits from offering this administration. Redbox as of now has the dispersion directs set up; they should simply make a smooth change from offering DVD’s in the booths to offering games. This ought to be a layered change which agrees with their spilling video endeavors. As such, Redbox can't just expel DVD’s from the stands and supplant them with games right away. As Redbox gives purchasers a dependable, solid gushing video administration at a serious value, they can gradually expel DVD’s from stands and supplant them with the most sizzling new computer games available. All in all, Redbox is as of now offering a support which is in its decay stage and they have to consider changing their item blend so as to stretch out beyond the bend. They can achieve this by furnishing shoppers with a web based gushing video administration and turning into a pioneer in the gaming business. Get Your Game on with Redbox!

Wireless Articles 1 Essays

Remote Articles 1 Essays Remote Articles 1 Essay Remote Articles 1 Essay There is no uncertainty that circumstances are different from the first run through Alexander Graham Bell thought of concocting a phone. These days, phones are not only for voice calls since it has developed to get one of the best specialized devices in history with Internet, informing, and music capacities. An ever increasing number of innovative advances are being done in the media transmission field each year.One of this advances is called 3G, which is â€Å"the third era of cell phone guidelines and innovation that empowers organize administrators to offer clients a more extensive scope of further developed administrations while accomplishing more noteworthy system limit through improved ghostly efficiency.†[1] It was first propelled in Japan in 2001 created after 1G and 2G advances to offer quicker and better correspondence to purchasers. As of now, even with the advancement of 4G innovation, cell phone organizations like Apple, Nokia, and Sony Ericsson produce their tele phones with 3G abilities since a large number of their purchasers search for this administration while picking a telephone. Notwithstanding, not everything is sure with 3G. Concerns including the expense of licenses, cost of 3G cell phones, absence of inclusion, cost of the administration and Internet charges, and high force use are being bantered by the two suppliers and consumers.[2]The article does exclude a particular writer making it difficult for the data to be trusted. Likewise, the way that Wikipedia is an online gathering network that can be gotten to by anybody and everybody diminishes its unwavering quality regarding the data showed. The equivalent can't be said with the point, be that as it may, on the grounds that 3G is known to be a standout amongst other improvement in the cell phone industry as of now. This is generally useful to agents and ladies who need the Internet access whenever of the day. This innovation likewise influences the individuals who have families a nd companions out of the nation since imparting not simply by voice calls should be possible. Despite the fact that 3G despite everything has its own issues to manage, it is as yet perhaps the best progression in innovation during this time.Wireless Articles 2Communication is a fundamental piece of the regular daily existences of people. It isn't just through voice correspondence or through transcribed or composed archives on the grounds that there are only those information that are excessively huge or too long to even think about being composed, composed, or spoken. Luckily, the Internet has been made accessible to everybody, which makes the trading of enormous information a lot simpler. Be that as it may, a few people despite everything discover PCs and the Internet also tedious, which is the reason remote gadgets, for example, Bluetooth were developed.â€Å"Bluetooth (BT) remote innovation gives a simple path to a wide scope of gadgets to speak with one another and associate wi th the Internet without the requirement for wires, links, and connectors.†[3] Not just is it utilized in cell phones, yet a few gadgets including workstations and vehicles are likewise being introduced with Bluetooth administrations. It was first evolved in 1994 by a group of specialists and right now, it is known to â€Å"allow two Bluetooth-empowered gadgets inside 10 to 100 meters range to share data†[4] without the need of wires or Internet association. Since this innovation works by sharing information, it is essential to realize legitimate safety efforts to stay away from transmission of information to an inappropriate gathering or accepting malevolent and unsafe substance. To address this worry, the engineers had shoppers the alternative to show or conceal their gadgets from different gadgets. There is additionally the component of requiring a password for the two gadgets to associate first before sending the information. All things considered, there are those ap plications that are made to hack these gadgets and accumulate private and significant data. Makers additionally don't take a lot of time in indicating addresses for their Bluetooth-empowered items, which makes it simpler for programmers to decide the addresses. The article additionally expresses that purchasers who have little information about Bluetooth are in danger of having their gadgets hacked or getting viruses.There is no uncertainty that Bluetooth is a useful apparatus with regards to sharing data, particularly when time is of concern. In any case, the writer is correct when he expressed that individuals, shoppers most outstandingly, ought to recall that they ought to consistently research and attempt to make sure about their gadgets in light of the fact that there are various people who have pessimistic expectations and misuse their capacity and information in technology.Wireless Articles 3The Internet is one of the most significant mechanical advancements in mankinds histo ry. It has cleared path for further developed correspondence, information trade, and data get to. Due to its incredible significance and use in people groups individual lives and the business world, an ever increasing number of associations offer the administration through remote connection.In 2007, Intel reported that it will â€Å"support WiMax and 802.11b/g/n on a similar bit of silicon with the Montevina portable stage, yet will likewise offer a WiMax-just card.†[5] Contrary to the present WiFi administration, â€Å"WiMax can give broadband remote access up to 30 miles for fixed stations, and 3 to 10 miles for versatile stations.†[6] This improvement in the equipment from WiFi to WiMax by Intel will without a doubt pull in shoppers and suppliers particularly the individuals who significantly utilize the Internet to work, study, or connect with their friends and family. Intel is trusted by purchasers and despite the fact that WiMax is just beginning in the field, on e can foresee the effect it will bring once the equipment is made accessible in the market.WiMax-empowered PCs and different gadgets will make contemplating, working, or imparting an a lot simpler assignment for those concerned. It likewise adds to the historical backdrop of innovation and checks as a proof that through innovation, separation is of no issue. It even adds to quicker and increasingly proficient working since it permits â€Å"download paces of 2 to 4 Mbps.†[7] To assess, the article is by all accounts giving an uplifting news to the individuals who rely upon portability as far as utilizing their gadgets, just as regarding having the option to work at whatever point and any place it is needed.Wireless Article 4With the tremendous measure of advancements in innovation today, it is essential to know the best and efficient applications, programming, and equipment that exist in the market. Information on such things makes it simpler what to purchase and what administ ration to utilize on the grounds that it suits ones way of life and needs better. Not exclusively will it give an approach to pick what is better however it likewise upgrades a people information in regards to technology.Because cell phones are a lot of famous and sought after nowadays, organizations ensure that they stay aware of what the customers need and need. They empower their items with various types of capacities and administrations so clients don't need to look elsewhere. Two of the highlights that cell phone organizations give are the Global System to Mobile Communications (GSM) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) arrange innovations. Both are astounding in giving what clients need, which is media transmission abilities, however they contrast as far as how the give it. The GSM innovation permits buyers to look over an assortment of cell phones, utilize a SIM card from portable system suppliers, and utilize a superior universal meandering help while CDMA innovation mak es its customers purchase a whole bundle from a specialist co-op that contains the handset and the service.[8]In synopsis, the two advances are astounding in giving what the shoppers need or, more than likely they would not be utilized by significant system suppliers. An individual simply needs to weigh what is progressively appropriate for his way of life while picking what sort of cell phone administration to benefit. Adaptability is one of the significant highlights of a GSM arrange while clearness and effectiveness can be relied upon with CDMA networks.Wireless Article 5With the various cell phone makers today, it would not benefit from outside intervention that cell phone specialist co-ops are additionally expanding. There is no nation that offers just one specialist organization, which makes it difficult for customers to pick what sort of administration they need. Luckily for the vast majority who are not placated with one specialist co-op or for the individuals who need somet hing beyond one, there are organizations that can open cell phones and make it feasible for a client to utilize numerous SIM cards in a single cell phone. Obviously, one must have a GSM empowered telephone to have the option to do this since CDMA telephones are bolted to a particular network.There are numerous reasons why an individual need to have their telephone opened: one is needing to change the present remote supplier in the United States and still keep the telephone; two is changing a supplier with another telephone yet need to keep the other supplier; and three going outside the nation without paying for higher worldwide wandering fees.[9] Whatever the explanation is, it generally comes down to not picking a specific specialist organization essentially on the grounds that each accessible supplier can be utilized. A few organizations and people offer clients an approach to open their cell phones either by demonstrating a code or by utilizing an application.Unlocking telephone s are valuable for the individuals who need it and for the individuals who require it. In any case, it should in any case be recollected that there are various malevolent people who can attempt to mishandle this sort of adaptability. SIM cards, in many nations, are promptly accessible and doesn't require an individual to enlist and give security data in this manner making it difficult for them to be found when they utilize their SIM cards for unlawful acts since they can essentially discard the cards without anybody following it back to them.BibliographyBangeman, Eric. â€Å"WiMax Coming to Intel Laptop

How to install WordPress Default Themes

How to install WordPress Default Themes After installing WordPress you will see a default theme name Responsive that will automatically install on your WordPress site. This is one of default WordPress theme. However you have more 3 default theme which you can install on your WordPress site. That means WordPress site will provide you 4 default themes. Responsive Twenty Fourteen Twenty Thirteen Twenty Twelve However you can find many free and paid themes over the net. Today I will show you how we can install WordPress default theme on our site. Recommended:WordPress Login Tips and Hacks Step 1Log into yourWordPressaccountand go toDashboard Step 2Click on-Appearance -Themes you will see 4 default themes on screen. Step 3Now mouse over on any theme preview and click on Activate button. Step 4Your theme will be activate now. And click on Visit Site link to view the theme on live. Alternative way to activate WordPress default theme There are another way you can apply WordPress default theme on your site. In this process you can view the themes full information and after that you can apply the new theme in your WordPress site. Step 1Log into yourWordPressaccountand go toDashboard Step 2Click on-Appearance -Themes Step 3Now mouse over on any theme preview and click on Theme Details button. Step 4Now click on Activate button from bottom of the page. If you want you can see the live preview of the theme by clicking on Live Preview button from bottom of the page. After activating the WordPress default theme visit your site to see the theme in live. You can visit your site by clicking on Visit Site link form WordPress dashboard. Just mouse over on your site Name and click on Visit Site link from top left corner of WordPress dashboard. If you have any query regarding this you can leave a comment below.

Organizational Systems And Structures Evaluation Essay

Organizational Systems and Structures Evaluation The purpose of this paper is to consider two frameworks to analyze a system and structure of a familiar organization. The following essential elements of the system and structure will be assessed: 1. Mission, vision, values; 2. Strategic plan, goals, and objectives; 3. Key operational processes and patterns; 4. Information technology use; 5. Organizational priorities and investments, as indicated by financial data; 6. Organization’s culture; 7. Influence of culture on meeting organizational goals. The two frameworks utilized to complete the assessment of MC Hospital (MCH) was Senge’s Learning Organisation Model and the Microsystem 5 P’s. Senge’s Model focuses on five main principles: â€Å"shared vision, whole team learning, changed mental models, continuous individual learning and systems thinking† (Elkin, Zhang, Cone, 2011). ASHP Foundation, (n.d.) states the 5P s involves attaining further insight and understanding of the purpose, patients, pro fessionals, processes and patterns involved in a microsystem. Both frameworks contribute in exploring the systems and structures in an organization. Description of the Organization MCH serves 84,000 children between inpatient and outpatient clinics. MCH uses a traditional hospital organization structure, which uses a hierarchy and is divided into service lines at the Vice President levels. Communication is bidirectional in the hierarchy due to several clinical multi-disciplinaryShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Essay example1635 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Systems and Structures Evaluation Quality is something that every health care agency strives to achieve. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) suggests that health care organizations develop a culture of safety such that an organizations care processes and workforce are focused on improving the reliability and safety of care for patients (Groves, Meisenbach, Scott-Cawiezell, 2011). In order to address an issue related to health care quality, it is important to look at the frameworksRead MoreFred Meyer Organizational Structure Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pages The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection MGT230 January 29, 2013 The Process of Fred Meyer’s Organizational Structure Selection Introduction According to Bateman and Snell, â€Å"Two fundamental concepts around which organizations are structured are differentiation and integration† (2011, pg. 227). Differentiation refers to the different units that work on different kinds of tasks with the use of different skills and work methods inRead MoreHow Microsoft Growth Led to Control Problems Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking Issue 1: Relate Microsoft’s problems with its control and evaluation systems to each of the stages of growth in the Greiner’s model. Organizational growth is similar to the life cycle of any living entity. The organization is birthed in an entrepreneur’s head and then goes through the growth cycles to create its own version of becoming a legitimate entity that the stakeholders find dependable, responsible, and having the ability to create value (Jones, 2010). As the organizationRead MoreEssay about Microsoft and Greiner’s Model of Organizational Growth1075 Words   |  5 PagesRelate Microsoft’s problems with its control and evaluation systems to each of the stages of growth in Greiner’s model. Greiner’s model of organizational growth describes the five distinct phases that organizations go through (Jones, 2010). Each stage is composed of a period of relatively stable growth, followed by a crisis that must be overcome in order to move on to the next stage. Stage 1: Growth Through Creativity In the first stage of growth, the founders of an organization develop skillsRead MoreCorporate Culture And Organizational Architecture Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate culture and organizational architecture should be interconnected in any successful organization or company. According to Brickley et al (2009) Organizational architecture consists of three legs of an organization; assignments of right to decision, individual rewarding methods and systems used in the evaluation of business units and individual performance. Organizational architecture on the other hand can be described as the designed framework of departments of a company such as responsibilityRead MoreMba 540 Final Exam Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pageshow organizational architecture and corporate culture are related. Use an example of a real-life firm and discuss how its corporate culture blends with its organizational architecture. Organizational architecture and corporate culture should be intertwined within any successful company or organization. In the text, Brickley (2009), refers to organizational architecture as being three legs of a company: assignments of decision rights, 2) methods of rewarding individuals, and 3) the structure of systemsRead MoreThe United States1436 Words   |  6 Pages The Firm was created by a Judiciary Act to serve as the nation’s primary source of litigated actions. Organization Open System Description The District is divided into two primary areas and each area is assigned specific foci to center resources and efforts. Both areas are tasked with supporting the District by sharing resources, energy, and information. An open system, as Harrison and Shirom (1999) explained, is a product by which a whole entity operates based on individually functioning partsRead MoreThe Westpark Store Case Analysis1303 Words   |  6 Pagesview her role as human resource manager? McCain current role is to develop an organizational structure of human resource functions within Westbrook. McCain views her role as human resource manager more as a supervisor of the human resource department, hiring and disciplinary specialist. She self-identified her strengths as the selection, hiring and training functions, but she admittedly falls short with employee evaluation, development retention and turnover. It appears that she wishes to centralizeRead MoreMarket Analysis of Avon1627 Words   |  6 Pagescarry out a successful organizational change. Organizational models are helpful in categorizing, when collecting or observing data. Models help in categorizing information in bits which are understandable especially due to the complex organizational information. They help in enhancing understanding, by interpreting data. Models help as a guide for change; because conditions are put in place according to their importance. This creates an order, or sequence of organizational elements making the directionRead MoreMis Project Management At First National Bank1747 Words   |  7 Pageslong and high temporal cost of Priority Committee; 2) The organizational structure is not a matrix; 3) The project manager faced many difficulties and challenges; 4) Low involvement of user department. The researchers Pretorius, Steyn, and Jordaan (2012) in their present that â€Å"project management success is dependent on the following four dimensions: The skills and competencies of the project manager; Organisational structure; Measurement Systems; and Management practices that represent an organisation’s

Teaching From A Design Perspective Essay - 1714 Words

Teaching From A Design Perspective Developing a philosophy of education is more than asserting a love of wisdom in the theory and practice of teaching. It may be heartening to feel, but it lacks backbone. For a philosophy to have weight and merit, it needs truth, logical strength, and soundness. (Hughes 19) My philosophy of education asserts the following premises that if we teach: learning as relational; creativity as skill; and knowledge as design; then, we create an instructional approach that is cross curriculum. The logical strength of my argument is delivered after each premise has been explained, and the proof statements of each are proposed as truth claims. In doing so, my philosophy of education is a sound argument challenging†¦show more content†¦One way of explaining this is by comparing Reid and Petocz’s understanding of learning in their article â€Å"Learning Domains and the Process of Creativity† to Petrina’s organization of procedural and propositional knowledge in his boo k Advanced Teaching Methods for the Technology Classroom. For Reid and Petocz, learning is relational for its complex interactions: Learning is no mere acquisition of facts, but a process involving an interplay between the students’ individual intentions, experiences and reflections, a body of professional knowledge, institutional expectations and intended outcomes, cultural and societal expectations, and the students’ own particular interests. (51) Undoubtedly, the layers of learning are deeply relational, but Reid and Petocz are able to tease out some of the historical threads embedded in this learning tapestry. For example, using Marton’s theory of learning as differentiated between internal and external horizons, they describe conceptual understanding as â€Å"based upon the relation between the students’ experience of learning and their reflections upon the experience.† (49) Reid and Petocz continue to explain that for Marton, the internal horizon is landscaped by the â€Å"how† of learning and the external horizon by the â€Å"lived world†. (49) Comparatively, Petrina’s organization of knowledge draws a close parallel when describing the two distinct types of knowledge in design and technology. The first type,Show MoreRelatedInterrupt Science Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough this guide is written for the study of religious traditions, it could apply to the creation, evolutio n, and intelligent designs debate because if the wrong speaker is chosen, the students may only see a small representation of likely one side of the argument. It is suggested in this case to have them watch a debate, where they could see two or mare perspectives at one time interacting with one another. 3.) Another alternative is to take students on field trips to places of worship, butRead MoreArticle Review 2. Lin, T., Wang, S., Grant, S., Chien,794 Words   |  4 PagesTask-based teaching approaches of Chinese as a foreign language in Second Life through teachers’ perspectives. Procedia Technology, 13, 16-22. The aim of the paper was to combine the task-based language teaching (TBLT) approach with the 3D multiuser virtual environment (MUVE) Second Life into the pedagogy of teaching Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) for Chinese language learners in a major Australian university. 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Short Story - 1651 Words

Ten hours later†¦ Hidden from view by the thick copse of trees bordering the east side of Westview High’s running track, Tyrell Carson watched with interest as Dennis approached Harry. The two ‘teenagers’ exchanged a few words before Dennis turned and walked away. Although out of earshot, Tyrell could see well enough to know the meeting was not a drug deal, and his eyebrows drew together into a frown. Something was off, but he couldn’t quite put his finger on what it was that had his spider-sense tingling. That morning, he’d attempted to bribe a student office aide to steal Brady and McQuaid’s files, but despite offering money and threatening violence, he’d failed his mission statement. Failure did not sit well with the arrogant teen, and†¦show more content†¦His attempt to recast his relationship with Tom hinged on his ability to articulate his genuine remorse, something he wasn’t always successful at accomplishing. But he was determined to give it his best shot. Then, if Tom was receptive to his apology, maybe they could rekindle their friendship. Lifting his hand, he rapped his knuckles on the door. There was no sound of life from within the apartment, even the television remained suspiciously silent. Surprise etched two deep lines between Booker’s brows. When he’d gone to the chapel in search of Tom, Judy had informed him he was still sick. With no option but to go to his friend’s home, Booker had taken the time to go home and shower before driving back across town. However, although Tom’s Mustang was parked outside the apartment building and a telltale strip of light shone from under the door, both indicating he was home, no one answered the door. Unsure whether to risk disturbing his sick friend, Booker pondered the benefit of knocking a second time. If he woke Tom up, the young officer would probably be in a bad mood, but if he turned around and went home, another twenty-four hours would pass before he could offer up an apology. Indecision deepened the dark-haired officer’s frown, his te eth worrying his lower lip as he mentally worked through the pros and cons. But it didn’t take long for him to make up his mind. He was a man of action, and now he was there, he was determined to followShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 W ords   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of eventsRead MoreRacism in the Short Stories1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intr uding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narrator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. In Short Story - 1651 Words Bellowed, Ramsay, with such intensity each syllable reverberates off the walls. Without provocation, he shouts the words again and again as he sat alone in his office organizing the paper clutter on his desk. Less than a second after his outburst, he heard a voice rise from the floor - â€Å"Sir, that’s an odd remark for a Class A humanoid to say.† Startled, Ramsay jumped to his feet; his flaming red synthetic wig flew to the floor. Scanning the area close to his desk, for his wig and the voice, his lavender eyes caught sight of his wig laying a few feet from a twenty inch tall foot stool attached to multi colored wheels. Perplexed, he gradually lowered himself to the carpet for a closer examination and his curiosity spiked when he came face†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"How refreshing those words sound. Thank you, Brutus for understanding the situation.† â€Å"Sir, for curiosity sake, what motivated your performance in the first place? â€Å"Well, my shiny trusted friend, for some odd reason my artificial intelligence hiccups. Less than three hours ago, I sat at my desk trying to decide what dance to dance. Brutus, for the record, I find dancing repulsive. Therefore, the notion of even contemplating dancing baffles my digital brain. Moreover, my indecisiveness bewilders me.† Gradually, Ramsay rose to his feet, retrieved a front section of the Citizens Newspaper, published, some four months earlier. Without hesitation, he nonchalantly resumed his place on the carpet. In due course, he handed over the newspaper to Brutus and says, â€Å"You need to read this.† As Brutus scrutinized the newspaper, he uploads the date of the newspaper - January 15, 2098, a photo of Ramsay with brown eyes and black hair, and the tag line – QUESTION OF THE CENTURY – WHOSE THE SUPERIOR WRITER - HUMANOID OR HUMAN? Afterward, he reads the article and says, â€Å"Congratulation Sir, the Com mittee for Human History made the correct choice in selecting you to write the Centennial Edition of - The Good in People – Inventor’s Inventions since the Beginning of Dawn. This of course makes you the first of our species, since the war of 2020, to shatter the ceiling of glass. As a result, youShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literature Review Opportunities Making Business with Mobile Computing. Answer: Introduction Mobile computing is the modern technological application through which the data, voice and video is transmitted through computer or any other wireless device, which do not need any fixed link. The concepts of mobile computing are: Mobile communication- The infrastructure that is placed for mobile communication that is carried out without any hurdle is known as mobile communication. Several devices are included like the protocols, services, bandwidth and the portals that are required for supporting the services. The format of the data is also discussed, this makes sure that it does not collide with other systems present that provide similar service. The media is not guided properly the overlaying infrastructure is primarily radio wave- based, which means that signals are taken over the air to the required destination or to the device that can receive or send same kinds of signals (Meeker 2015). Mobile Hardware The hardware of the mobile consists of elements that are capable of receiving and accessing the mobility service. The range from portable laptops, smartphones, tablets PCs, Personal Digital Assistants. This device consist of receptors that sense and receives signals. The configuration of the devices is done in a way that they can operate in complete duplex, where the receptors can send and receive signals simultaneously. There is no requirement for waiting for one device to finish communication, so that the other device can start the communication (Gikas and Grant 2013). Mobile software It is a program that operates on mobile hardware. It handles the characteristics and requirements of the mobile application. This can be referred as the main element or the engine of the mobile device. It can be said that it is the operating system of the appliance, it is the main element that operates on mobile device. Portability is the main factor in this type of computing, it makes sure that the users do not tie or pin to any particular location, rather they can be operated from any location. It involves all the aspects of wireless communications (Gikas and Grant 2013).Many mobile computing startups get funded by investors almost every month. All around the world new entrepreneurs are coding striving to make a big invention in this area (Dinh et al. 2013). The various opportunities in this area are: Transportation Now a days there are car rental services are available online, the cars have hot-pink furry mustaches that signals that the cars are for hire. Any of the car owners can become a driver and fares for the commuters who use the various car rental online apps. This business is very beneficial and one can earn 20 percent of the earning from each ride, Zimride is an example for this type of business. Zimride, Uber and SideCar use smartphones that compete with the taxi industries. Companies that have mobile apps have a great advantage in numerical terms (Gikas and Grant 2013). Internet access In the underdeveloped countries people still use feature phones which have prepaid minutes. People are shifting to the smart phones but the data plan is too expensive for the people to have an internet access. According to Blaast, a startup of Helsinki, Finland, the only way to target these markets is to shrink the different apps used by people and make operational over older, slower wireless networks. Blaast specializes in compressing the caches streamlined version of the different apps like Facebook, Twitter, which provides accessibility to a package of applications for 5 to 10 percent a day (Shaikh, Hanafizadeh and Karjaluoto 2017). Tagstand is a San Fransisco based startup, that is popular for selling cheap near field communication (NFC) tags used for sticking and communicating information or commands over short distances, to any other phone that also has a NFC chip. There are switch on alarm, switch off alarm, silent tags that are used for using the desired feature without even accessing the phone, it can be done just by sticking to the required tags. In theatres this types of tags can be used to put the mobile phones on the Silent mode (Gikas and Grant 2013). Phone Security With the advancement of the technology the hackers are also becoming smart day by day, they keenly follow the various developments in the area of technology. One such security app is Lookout which is used by more than 30 million people. It is an software for android that can be downloaded for free it scans malware and gives backup to smart phone contacts. The features of this app involves, signal flare, which helps in finding or locating a missing phone by logging its location in battery is dying mode and locking the camera, this will without any sound take the photo of anyone who is trying to unlock the phone and fails three times (Shaikh, Hanafizadeh and Karjaluoto 2017). Online Shopping and E-commerce One of the most blessed area through the mobile computing is the E-commerce sector, now shopping has mostly gone digital as because due to scarcity of time prefer to buy clothes, electronics, packaged food and even groceries and vegetables online. The customers will have to down the app of various shopping portals like ebay and Amazon and buy anything they want ranging from books, clothes, accessories to groceries, some portals do not charge the shipping cost and some of the portals they charge the shipping cost (Jiang, Yang and Jun 2013). The products that people buy online can are available at cheaper rates which makes it very favorable for the customers to choose these online portals for shopping and buying all the necessary goods (Laudon and Traver 2013). Credit card Payments Another application of mobile computing can be seen in the area of credit card payments, various apps have been developed so that the online payment can be done. The smartphones and the tablets have brought changes in the way people used to make payments. A startup in this area is Braintree, which is made for the processing of the credit card payments, this is used by the high profile merchants. Brainee has alos launched Venmo Touch, it is an app that will allow any other app to process the payment with the help of one touch, if the credit card information of a person is already registered. This feature is available in other popular apps like, the last-minute hotel booker HotelTonight and TaskRabbit (Gerpott and Thomas 2014). Online payment Apart from the credit card payment facilities, there are several applications that help the users to make the payment online, for which credit card is not required but the payment can be done through the debit cards as well. Paytm is one such app that is used for making online payments, many hotels, restaurants and retail stores accept the Paytm payment where people have to register to the app and fund can be transferred from one user to another registered users. They will have to give some details about the card and the amount will be debited from their account, this app is completely secure and is being used by many people (Shaikh, Hanafizadeh and Karjaluoto 2017). Online Hotel Booking Oyo Hotels is one such app that reduces the effort of the travelers in searching hotels, with the help of the app the travelers can search for hotels of their desired category in their desired locations. They can book rooms in the hotel and save their time and energy by manually searching for hotels (Wang et al. 2016). Online Ticketing Online ticketing is another luxury that people has been blessed with since the advancement of technology, people can now book their train, bus or air tickets online based on the availability of the tickets. Having apps installed in their phones and tablets they can easily book tickets from anywhere (Suki and Suki 2017). Communication It has really become easier for business to carry out the various marketing and communication activities. The products and campaigns of the different brands are now easily promoted in very less expenditure. Since people mostly have smart phones they can easily check the promotional activities of the different brands and participate. Communication has become very easy, in social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter and Instagrams, products are being promoted, since people have smart phones which have all these app installed, people check the updates and feedback is immediately given by them. This particular advantage of mobile computing has really worked in the favor of the companies (Raj, Francesco and Das 2012). Food delivery system Another business through mobile computing that is gaining popularity is the food delivery apps. Apps like Swiggy and food Panda are being used widely for getting food delivered. Users are required to download the app and register, those who want to order food from any of their favorite restaurants, they can, their food will be delivered by the different service providers in this area, provided that the restaurant should have a partnership with any of this companies. People will not have to download the app and the food will be delivered (Coughlin et al. 2015). Advantages of Mobile computing An advantage of Mobile Computing Mobile computing has made its very easy for the users to work from anywhere if proper connection is available to them. It is not necessary that the user will have to to be in any fixed position. The mobility makes sure that it is capable for performing a variety of tasks at the same time (Khan 2013). It saves a lot of time, because one does not need to travel to any other locations for their various works to be done. File transfer and sharing has become easier and people can transfer their files through the secure channel and do their tasks as if they were on their own computers. It has improvised the telecommunication in many companies. Unnecessary costs and expenses (Dinh et al. 2013). The apps ensures productivity because the users can easily work from any location they desire. Mobile computing has made research easier, people earlier used to go the the field for conducting the research but now the scenario has changed as they can do the research w ork in their mobile phones. Another major advantage is that video and audio files can be easily downloaded and shared to any preferred location. People now have access to a wide range of movies, music, informational, educational and news programs from the various apps that are available in their mobile phones either pre installed or they can buy from any of the online stores. Various process of business can be availed very easily with the help of secure connections. As far as security is concerned sufficient measures are taken to ensure there is complete security and privacy is maintained. Many confidential messages are transferred online therefore; the safety security of the data is to be maintained. Communication has improved since the technological revolution has been carried out, with the help of video conferencing and voice conferencing, meetings, seminars and webinars are conducted these days. The expenditure on travel has reduced for attending the meetings and conferences (Hu et al. 2015). Disadvantages of Mobile computing There are certain disadvantages of mobile computing, one such is that since there is a he scope for business through mobile computing, many startups are launched in the market almost every day, this raises concern to a great extent about the security, information are transferred because people find these apps convenient but there are chances of mismanagement of the information. Another disadvantage is that all these app require a secure and efficient internet connection, then only the process can be carried out smoothly or else there are very less chances that the work for which these apps are designed (Murdoch and Anderson 2014). Network can often become main constrains of this applications. Another disadvantage is that the with the advanced technology, people who carry out the cyber crimes, the cyber bullies are also becoming very smart day by day (Meeker 2015). They have been finding out ways to disrupt the secure network somehow and carry out the various cyber crimes. This has be en acting as one of the major disadvantages of the mobile computing, which has made this business a little insecure, and the trust of the customers in such is very difficult to be gained. The payment apps if not secure poses a great threat to the users bank account (Alizadeh and Hassan 2013). References Alizadeh, M. and Hassan, W.H., 2013, July. Challenges and opportunities of mobile cloud computing. InWireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2013 9th International(pp. 660-666). ieee. Coughlin, S.S., Whitehead, M., Sheats, J.Q., Mastromonico, J., Hardy, D. and Smith, S.A., 2015. Smartphone applications for promoting healthy diet and nutrition: a literature review.Jacobs journal of food and nutrition,2(3), p.021. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Gerpott, T.J. and Thomas, S., 2014. Empirical research on mobile Internet usage: A meta-analysis of the literature.Telecommunications Policy,38(3), pp.291-310. Gikas, J. and Grant, M.M., 2013. Mobile computing devices in higher education: Student perspectives on learning with cellphones, smartphones social media.The Internet and Higher Education,19, pp.18-26. Hu, Y.C., Patel, M., Sabella, D., Sprecher, N. and Young, V., 2015. Mobile edge computingA key technology towards 5G.ETSI White Paper,11(11), pp.1-16. Jiang, L., Yang, Z. and Jun, M., 2013. Measuring consumer perceptions of online shopping convenience.Journal of Service Management,24(2), pp.191-214. Khan, A.N., Kiah, M.M., Khan, S.U. and Madani, S.A., 2013. Towards secure mobile cloud computing: A survey.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(5), pp.1278-1299. Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G., 2013.E-commerce. Pearson. Meeker, M., 2015. Internet trends 2015-code conference.Glokalde,1(3). Murdoch, S.J. and Anderson, R., 2014, March. Security protocols and evidence: Where many payment systems fail. InInternational Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security(pp. 21-32). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Raj, M., Di Francesco, M. and Das, S.K., 2012. Secure Mobile Cloud Computing.Handbook on Securing Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructure, pp.411-429. Shaikh, A.A., Hanafizadeh, P. and Karjaluoto, H., 2017. Mobile Banking and Payment System: A Conceptual Standpoint.International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR),13(2), pp.14-27. Suki, N.M. and Suki, N.M., 2017. Flight ticket booking app on mobile devices: Examining the determinants of individual intention to use.Journal of Air Transport Management,62, pp.146-154. Wang, D., Xiang, Z., Law, R. and Ki, T.P., 2016. Assessing hotel-related smartphone apps using online reviews.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,25(3), pp.291-313.

Action Research Topic Literature Exploration free essay sample

Education plays an important role for individuals to fully reach their potential and it also substantially contributes to the development of the society as a whole. The processes of teaching and learning are greatly embodied in the concept of education wherein educators help students to learn knowledge and acquire skills about different subject matters and fields. However, most people, especially those who belong to the middle and lower class, often have the perception that education is a privilege rather than a right because for them good education usually comes with high cost. Nevertheless, the government of most countries, like the United States of America provide education for those people who cannot afford to spend a large sum of money for education through public schools. The problem is for proper and good education to be fully realized in public schools, stakeholders should give due consideration and attention to several factors such as: school budget, competent educators, active participation of parents, standardize school system, and many others (Hochschild Scovronick, 2004). We will write a custom essay sample on Action Research Topic: Literature Exploration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In most public urban schools in the United the States, the common issues are: the insufficient funds coming from the government, the lack of support coming from parents, and school violence. Among the many problems of educational institutions, one of the most common issues that almost all public schools complain about is the insufficient fund or budget that is given to education. According to the study of Maguad (2007) entitled: Lean Strategies for Education: Overcoming the Waste Factor, teaching and learning are regarded as important activities in school but these processes are largely driven by financial realities. Maguad pointed out in his study that most educational institutions, especially public schools have to face financial problems that have a huge effect in the quality of education that they render to students. Educational programs cost money, which any educators and other stakeholders in educational institutions are aware of. Being the case, efficient funding and competent budgeting is necessary in order for schools to operate properly. Maguad even cited the work of Thomson and Wood, which state that the lack of good budget will eventually result to the absence of schools. In line with this, he also described the relationship of funds and the school system where sources of funds are finite while educational needs are infinite, which is why it is necessary that the prioritization of programs are done (Maguad, 2007). In the study of Maguad, he acknowledged the lack of sufficient funding in education institutions, especially in public schools. The lack of budget is rooted from the very relationship of funds and educational needs because the former is regarded as finite while the latter is infinite. Due to the problem of most schools regarding insufficient funds coming from the government, Maguad proposed in his study that schools must take the delicate responsibility of balancing anticipated revenue resources with the planned expenditure of the school.   In cases where in revenues are inadequate, school programs needs to be scaled back. The condition of static and declining revenues usually entails that schools require cutting costs. Maguad suggested that the less painful way in order to address the lack of funds of schools is by improving the operational efficiency of the educational system through the elimination of waste using lean techniques. Waste is defined as â€Å"anything in the process that does not add value for the customer† (Maguad, 2007: 249). The process of waste reduction can be done by means of disseminating individual and organizational learning throughout the whole organization (Maguad, 2007). The study of Maguad indeed shed more light on the problem of schools regarding insufficient funds coming from the government. He was able to point out the importance of sufficient funds and competent budgeting in order for educators to establish programs that will substantially help in the teaching and learning process among educators and teachers. In relation to this, Maguad also explain the relationship of the sources of funds and educational needs in order to explain the cause of insufficient funding. However, the proposed solution of Maguad that entails balancing school revenue and expenses used at schools by eliminating waste still needs to be further proven. Maguad should also give due attention to schools that really lack budget to the point that they do not even have waste to start with because funds are very limited. Moreover, Maguad should also further emphasize on the other ways of accumulating funds that involve the active participation of the private sector. Another pressing problem in schools, especially those that is funded by the government is the lack of active participation of parents. Both the mother and father of most students usually have their respective works. The parents of children in public schools have to work in order for them to earn the necessary income to provide for their family, especially for the needs of their children. However, work usually gets in the way of most parents to play an active role in the learning process of students. Parents’ involvement in the studying of their children is necessary because educators need their participation in order to properly teach and guide students. The aforementioned adage is proven in the research study of Fan and Chen entitled: Parental Involvement and Students’ Academic Achievement: A Meta-Analysis. According to Fan and Chen (2001), the idea of parental involvement has been perceived to have a positive influence on the academic achievement of student. The belief is rooted from the very perception of educators and the society as a whole that parental involvement is an important factor in addressing many problems in the educational system. Fan and Chen studied a vast proportion of literature regarding parent involvement and its relation students’ academic achievement by using the qualitative and non-empirical method of research. A meta-analysis is done in order to synthesize the results of the study wherein findings reveal that parental aspiration and expectation has the strongest relationship on students’ achievement. On the other hand, parental home supervision has the weakest relation to students’ achievement (Fan and Chen, 2001). Fan and Chen were able to provide numerous and reputable sources in order to conduct a meta-analysis study. Since the study is non-empirical it is only based on existing literature review, it sometimes fails to reflect the reality of incidents that cannot be properly represented in just mere literature study. Parental involvement and its effects to students require empirical study since it is a sociological phenomenon that cannot be easily quantified. Lastly, educational institutions, especially urban public schools also have to deal with violence within the school. Increasing incidents of school violence are often reported like gang wars however, it is also important to point out that bullying is also a form of violence that must be addressed. Nansel et al. (2001) conducted a research study entitled: Bullying Behaviors among US Youth, the main motivation of the researchers is to study bullying since there are no national data regarding the prevalence of bullying. The researchers aim to measure the prevalence of bullying behaviors among the US youth and to identify the relation of bullying and being bullied with psychosocial adjustment. The results show that there is a substantial prevalence of bullying among the US youth. In addition, bullying is also related to concurrent behavior, emotional difficulties, and possible long-term negative consequences for the youth. Being the case, the issue of bullying needs due attention, especially in conducting future research and preventive intervention. The study of Nansel et al. was able to provide important attention to the issue of bullying, especially since this aforementioned form of violence lacks the necessary national data. The research study was able to give information to the issue of bullying and also the corresponding causes and effects of such actions. However, the study of Nansel et al. can still be further improve because there are still a lot of factor that must be explored about bullying, especially when it comes to its relevance to problem of security and safety in educational institutions. References Fan, X., Chen, M. (2001). Parental Involvement and Students’ Academic Achievement:   A Meta-Analysis. Education Psychology Review, 13, 1-22. Hochschild, J.L., Scovronick, N. (2004). The American Dream and the Public Schools. United States: Oxford University Press.   Journal of Education, 128, 248-255. Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, J., Simons-Morton, B., Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying Behaviors among US Youth. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.

Zheng Shi, Pirate Lady of China

Zheng Shi, Pirate Lady of China The most successful pirate in history was not Blackbeard (Edward Teach) or Barbarossa, but Zheng Shi or Ching Shih of China. She acquired great wealth, ruled the South China Seas, and best of all, survived to enjoy the spoils. We know next to nothing about Zheng Shis early life. In fact, Zheng Shi means simply widow Zheng - we dont even know her birth name. She was likely born in 1775, but the other details of her childhood are lost to history. Zheng Shi's Marriage She first enters the historical record in 1801. The beautiful young woman was working as a prostitute in a Canton brothel when she was captured by pirates. Zheng Yi, a famous pirate fleet admiral, claimed the captive to be his wife. She pluckily agreed to marry the pirate leader only if certain conditions were met. She would be an equal partner in the leadership of the pirate fleet, and half the admirals share of the plunder would be hers. Zheng Shi must have been extremely beautiful and persuasive because Zheng Yi agreed to these terms. Over the next six years, the Zhengs built a powerful coalition of Cantonese pirate fleets. Their combined force consisted of six color-coded fleets, with their own Red Flag Fleet in the lead. Subsidiary fleets included the Black, White, Blue, Yellow, and Green. In April of 1804, the Zhengs instituted a blockade of the Portuguese trading port at Macau. Portugal sent a battle squadron against the pirate armada, but the Zhengs promptly defeated the Portuguese. Britain intervened, but did not dare take on the full might of the pirates - the British Royal Navy simply began providing naval escorts for British and allied shipping in the area. The Death of Husband Zheng Yi On November 16, 1807, Zheng Yi died in Vietnam, which was in the throes of the Tay Son Rebellion. At the time of his death, his fleet is estimated to have included 400 to 1200 ships, depending upon the source, and 50,000 to 70,000 pirates. As soon as her husband died, Zheng Shi began calling in favors and consolidating her position as the head of the pirate coalition. She was able, through political acumen and willpower, to bring all of her husbands pirate fleets to heel. Together they controlled the trade routes and fishing rights all along the coasts of Guangdong, China, and Vietnam. Zheng Shi, Pirate Lord Zheng Shi was as ruthless with her own men as she was with captives. She instituted a strict code of conduct and enforced it strictly. All goods and money seized as booty was presented to the fleet and registered before being redistributed. The capturing ship received 20% of the loot, and the rest went into a collective fund for the entire fleet. Anyone who withheld plunder faced whipping; repeat offenders or those who concealed large amounts would be beheaded. A former captive herself, Zheng Shi also had very strict rules about treatment of female prisoners. Pirates could take beautiful captives as their wives or concubines, but they had to remain faithful to them and take care of them - unfaithful husbands would be beheaded. Likewise, any pirate who raped a captive was executed. Ugly women were to be released unharmed and free of charge on shore. Pirates who deserted their ship would be pursued, and if found, had their ears cut off. The same fate awaited any who went absent without leave, and the earless culprits would then be paraded in front of the entire squadron. Using this code of conduct, Zheng Shi built a pirate empire in the South China Sea that is unrivaled in history for its reach, fearsomeness, communal spirit, and wealth. In 1806, the Qing dynasty decided to do something about Zheng Shi and her pirate empire. They sent an armada to fight the pirates, but Zheng Shis ships quickly sank 63 of the governments naval ships, sending the rest packing. Both Britain and Portugal declined to directly intervene against The Terror of the South China Seas. Zheng Shi had humbled the navies of three world powers. Life After Piracy Desperate to end Zheng Shis reign - she was even collecting taxes from coastal villages in the place of the government - the Qing emperor decided in 1810 to offer her an amnesty deal. Zheng Shi would keep her wealth and a small fleet of ships. Out of her tens of thousands of pirates, only about 200-300 of the worst offenders were punished by the government, while the rest went free. Some of the pirates even joined the Qing navy, ironically enough, and became pirate hunters for the throne. Zheng Shi herself retired and opened a successful gambling house. She died in 1844 at the respectable age of 69, one of the few pirate lords in history to die of old age.

Property law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Property law - Assignment Example One of the interesting aspects about this problem is that the nature of obligation changed from one tenant to the next. The facts indicate that my client is the tenant of a Victorian Townhouse. The facts also indicate that my client is not the original tenant, and that the lease was assigned to my client three years ago. It may be inferred that perhaps the previous client, the one who actually made the original lease with the landlord, was a residential lessee, as the structure is a home, and the character of the lease changed when the original lessee assigned his or her lease to the current lessor, who is obviously a business lessee, as they are using the space for a bookstore. Therefore, two different parts of the Landlord Tenant Act might apply in this situation. The original lessee, if the original lessee was a residential lessee, would fall under the first part of this Act, and the current lessee, who is a business, would fall under the second part of the Act. This is because th e first part of the Act is titled â€Å"Security of Tenure for Residential Tenants,† and the provisions in this part apply only to residential tenants. The second part of the Act is titled â€Å"Security of Tenure for Business, Professional and Other Tenants,† and it, of course, applies to commercial interests, such as the one in the fact pattern. Therefore, two different analysis will have to be performed – one analysis for the original tenant, and one for the current tenant, who is our client. The fact pattern indicates that, for the original lessee, the original lease was executed in 1997 and included a repair covenant, in which the original lessee was to perform the necessary repair work to keep the building in tenantable condition, and that this included decorations, wall-surfaces, window frames, glazing and casements. Moreover, in the original lease, there was provision for rent review in the 5th, 10th and 15th years of the lease and that the lease may ter minate on the 16th year, by giving six months notice, provided that the lessee materially performed the duties that were required of that tenant under this lease. Therefore, the clause that the original lessee signed with the landlord will come under the Landlord Tenant Act 1954  § 8. This provision states that when a tenant and landlord agree that the tenant is to perform certain repairs on the structure, and these repairs are not made, then the landlord may charge the tenant the reasonable value of the repairs (Landlord Tenant Act 1954  § 8). This does not seem like an overly draconian solution to the problem, if it is determined that there needs to be repairs made and the tenant refuses to make the repairs - the landlord can simply make the necessary repairs himself, which in this case would include shoring up the cracks in the ceiling, and reinforcing the floor joists so that the excess load does not cause further cracks, and could then charge the lessee the necessary charge s that the landlord would incur in getting this done. Yet there is a more draconian provision in the Landlord Tenant Act 1954 when it comes to lessees who refuse to perform the terms of the lease. In this case, the terms of the lease are that the lessee performs the repair work that ensures that the dwelling in tenantable, and, assuming that having cracks in the ceiling make the dwelling untenantable, then a refusal to deal with this issue might be cause for

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as Essay

All population and surveillance the keys to Chinese governmentality as in Europe - Essay Example Borrowing a leaf from one another in development of the state of affairs for human life has been a major practice between societies in the recent human history. Political ideologies have reduced the pace of achievement of a liberal society (Sherman, 2008). Communism in China and capitalism in Europe for instance present a different opportunity for the achievement of such a society. Modern age politics seem to be favoured by a more liberalized approach which integrates government and citizen input towards realization of governmentality. Democracy has been a capitalist ideology well established among the majority of European countries while communist ideology for instance well established in China has taken long to embrace it. Even though China has witnessed many changes especially in economic performance to realize a world podium for economic growth, some pressing issues still persist to acquire complete transformations. Changes in economic systems to accommodate a more liberal state and opening of its doors to international trade are good pointers to better things in the future. Population polices should go deeper than just reducing the numbers but follow ups to ensure that the necessary modern world features balanced with assurance of democratic rights are guaranteed. Stringent measures to reduce hazardous population rise could be handled in other means other than dictatorial force (Eberstadt, 1994). Tracing the population based policy in the context of government ideology from the early Chinese politics, it is apparent that the effect of Liu, Song and Liang Zhongtang is a key factor in the development of the Chinese population policies. While Liu and Song were more educated and held population issues more passionately just like Liang did, even though they held opposing views on population policies. On one hand, Liu and group were of the view that one

My Dream Career Essay Example for Free

My Dream Career Essay When I was still young, I used to do my friends’ hair as a hobby. Most of my friends liked the hair style that I did for them. I also remember, how happy I was, each time I did the hair of my friends. However, I never thought that this hobby could possibly turn into my dream career. After I entered the junior high school, which was an all-boy school, I realized that I was left out in the cold by classmates just because I was interested in stylizing hair. I would bring lots of magazines to the school to keep up-to-date with hair styling trends. Whenever I was reading the magazine, my classmates would say, â€Å"Girlish boy, you should’ve been born as a girl. † I guess having an interest in hair style wasn’t viewed as a profession for a normal boy. In my last year of middle school, there was one unforgettable event that made it enjoyable and memorable. In Korea, on a usual school day, students are not allowed to use any gel, or spray on their hair. Therefore, every student waits for the graduation photo day because this is the day they can do their hair with hair stylish products as much as they please. As other boys did, I brought hair gel and dryer to do my hair at school. I didn’t do my hair at home in the morning because I knew the hair looks best after putting hair stylish products. After I did my hair, some of my classmates, including the classmates who had been calling me â€Å"girlish boy,† came to me, and asked me to do their hair. They said, â€Å"If we all like our hair, we won’t call you girlish boy anymore. † It was an unexpected suggestion, but I was confident that they would like my job. So, I accepted their suggestion, and tried my best to stylize their hair using gel and dryer. Fortunately, they all liked their hair, and a few weeks hence, the graduation photo also came out really good to everybody’s expectations. Since then, they became my friends, and we still keep in touch, although I’m currently living in the U. S. By the time I entered the high school, another unforgettable event happened that confirmed my plans for becoming a professional hair designer. One bright day, I and my eldest brother visited â€Å"Hair Day,† which was owned by my brother’s friend, Paul Kim, in Seoul. The name of the store was quite impressive to me due to its unique name, â€Å"Hair Day,† although a typical name like â€Å"hair salon† could have been more meaningful. Paul Kim is a very famous hair designer in Seoul, and has many Korean celebrities as his regular customers. When I visited his studio for the first time, I saw a famous Korean celebrity, Bi, who is better known as â€Å"Rain† in the U. S. As he entered the studio, I hardly recognized him because of his messy hair. However, after Paul Kim worked on his hair, he immediately transformed into a gorgeous celebrity known to everybody. The hair style that Paul Kim had done for Bi was the same style I had seen on television. Since Bi is so popular, and his hairstyle is always up-to-date, many young boys in Korea mimic his hairstyle. Moreover, all of Bi’s hair styles that were shown on Korean television were the work of Paul Kim. After Bi left, an English-Speaking customer came into the studio to get a hair cut. The customer seemed an acquaintance of Paul Kim because he was delighted to see him. When they spoke with each other, I was amazed at Paul Kim’s ability to speak English. Later, I was told by my brother that Paul Kim had studied in the U. S. , and had obtained a Business Administration degree, which is possibly one of the reasons his hair studio is doing so well. Ever since I visited Paul Kim’s hair studio, I had a strong desire to become a famous hair designer, who is not only intellectual but also has a good aesthetic sense. I decided that Paul Kim is truly a man, whom I want to emulate when I grow up. The female hair designers outnumber the male hair designers in Korea. However, most of the notable hair designers in Korea are men. I hope one day I will be one of those notable hair designers not only in Korea but also in the entire world.

Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin - The Book that Started a War :: Uncle Toms Cabin

The Book that Started a War    Uncle Tom's Cabin, also called Life Among the Lowly, was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.   It is a realistic, although fictional view of slavery.   The main characters in this story are Uncle Tom, Eliza and George Harris.   Uncle Tom is a pious, trustworthy, slave.   He never wrongs anyone and always obeys his master.   A very spiritual person, Uncle Tom tries his best to obey the Bible and to do what is right.   Eliza is a beautiful slave owned by George Shelby, Sr., the same person who initially owns Tom.   Eliza has a son, Harry.   Eliza's husband, George Harris, lives on a nearby plantation.   George is a brilliant man, and invented a machine that was used in the factory he works in.   His owner became jealous and demoted George from his factory job to doing hard labor on the plantation.   This story takes place throughout the states of Kentucky and Mississippi.      Chapters 1-5      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because his Kentucky plantation was overwhelmed by debt, George Shelby, Sr. makes plans to trade some slaves to a slave dealer named Haley in exchange for debts being canceled.   The dealer selects Uncle Tom as payment for the debt.   While the two are discussing the possible transaction, Eliza's son, Harry, comes rushing into the room.   Haley decides he wants to take Harry also, but Shelby refuses to part with the child.   Eliza, overhearing part of the conversation, is frightened and confides her fears to her husband, George Harris.   The fact that George's owner is mistreating him, combined with a possible sale of his son persuades George to begin planning to run away.   After inferring from an overheard conversation between Mr. & Mrs. Shelby that they are indeed going to sell Harry and Uncle Tom, Eliza warns Tom and she runs away.      Chapters 6-15      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eliza is able to cross the Ohio River and get to a safe place before Haley's two hired slave-catchers can catch up with her.   Although he was warned, Uncle Tom stays on the plantation, leaving it up to God to protect him.   At the same time, George Harris begins his escape.   Disguised as a Spaniard, George takes his time finding a route on the underground railroad.   He just happens to go to the same place where Eliza and Harry are being hidden.

Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy

Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy? BY gotten Reasonable Fear of Imminent Danger: Good Social Policy? Giovanni Mike 4324324 LISTENED 1001 sum 13 Professor James Barney A sobering fact Is that our government has a monopoly on the use of force, but It cannot protect everyone at all times In an Immediate fashion. Joel samara, criminal Law, at 1 55 (1 lath De. 2014). Therefore, citizens are permitted to use proportional force in a â€Å"self-help† fashion as long as 1. The necessity is great 2. The need exists â€Å"right now' 3. The force is used for prevention only. D. At 155. However, preemptive tribes or retaliation are not justifications for force used in self-defense. ‘d, at 155. There are also four elements of self-defense: unprovoked attack, necessity, proportionality, and reasonable belief. ‘d, at 156. The first three were alluded to earlier and are fairly self-explanatory, but reasonable belief will be the primary focus in this discussion . This element requires that a defender must have the â€Å"reasonable† belief that It's necessary to use deadly force to neutralize an Imminent deadly attack. D, at 156. However, what Is â€Å"reasonable fear? † How does It play out In the courtroom? Is the burden on the person using force against an aggressor to show that he or she possessed â€Å"reasonable fear? † Does this requirement change whether a person is at should be look into whether the person using deadly force had a â€Å"reasonable† opportunity to retreat and avoid violence? Should we offer civil immunity to those who used deadly force legitimately? Overall, are the recently more aggressive self- defense laws good for public policy?Do they allow those with â€Å"itchy' trigger fingers to have a virtual license to kill, or do they take an extra necessary step to put the safety f law-abiding citizens ahead of the concerns of violent law-breakers? Newer self- defense laws, such as the one p assed by Florida, unnecessarily presume â€Å"reasonable fear† in defending one's home and fail to adequately consider whether a person using deadly force had a duty to retreat (in public spaces) when violence could have been easily avoided.Citizens should reasonably be expected to show that their deadly use of force was Justified due to their legitimate fear for their safety whether they're at home or in public; they're burden of proof shouldn't be beyond a seasonable doubt since the prosecution could probably cast doubt on this with relative ease since it's based on the subjective measurement of fear. Subtle wording differences in these laws can sway protections to either the aggressor or defender in these situations?it's critical to strike a healthy balance. So how did we get to the self-defense laws used today?According to Joel Samara, Criminal Law, at 164 (1 lath De. 2014), since the thirteenth century English common law required that a person had to prove that he'd â₠¬Å"retreated to the wall† before being Justified in killing another errors. The US began to reject this practice in the nineteenth century and replaced it with a â€Å"no duty to retreat† requirement, which holds that a person can be Justified in killing someone in self-defense. ‘d, at 164. This new approach to the use of force by the common man was thought to be more accommodating to the bravery of a â€Å"true man. † ‘d, at 164.This â€Å"true man† was thought to be someone who would do whatever he had to do to protect his wife, kids, and the nation. ‘d, at 165. Legislators and judges carved out the â€Å"stand your ground† rule from these previously mention values, which states that if a man didn't start the fight they could stand their ground and kill in self-defense without having to retreat from a place they had a legal right to be. ‘d, at 165. Also, the retreat rule was also created that obligates a person to retreat i f they â€Å"reasonably' believe that they're threatened with death or serious harm and they are able to retreat without continuing to be subject to this danger. D, at 165. Furthermore, the â€Å"castle doctrine† was created as an exception to the retreat rule when the context is within someone's home, where they have no duty to retreat as Eng as they reasonably believe there is an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm. ‘d, at 165. Since 2005, more than forty states have passed or proposed new â€Å"castle doctrine† legislation intended to expand the right to use deadly force in self-defense. ‘d, at 172. Florida was the first state to pass this type of statute, and it continues to be the model for the rest of the states. D, at 172. Their statute states that a person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm if: (a) The person against whom the defensive force was used as in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or had unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle (b) The person who used defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred†¦ Old, at 172.Pennsylvania, they have a right to be in (2) they believe that the use of deadly force is immediately necessary to prevent death, serious bodily injury, kidnapping, or rape (3) the aggressor displays or uses a firearm (or replica) or any other deadly weapon. Joshua Light, The Castle Doctrine?The Lobby is my Dwelling, Volvo 22 Widener Law Journal 236 These types of laws do not exist without controversy, since there are those (2012). That claim that they give citizens a virtual â€Å"license to kill. † Supra, at 174.On one side, people like Marion Hammer, president of the National Rifle Association, contend that these new laws are Just protecting a right that has been around since the asses and that we shouldn't have a duty to retreat only to get chased down and beaten to death. ‘d, at 174. Indeed, Florist's intent when they passed their castle-doctrine law n 2005 was that it was â€Å"necessary to restore absolute rights of law abiding people to protect themselves, their families, and others, and their property from intruders and attackers without fear of prosecution or civil action.Wyatt Holiday, The Answer to Criminal Aggression is Retaliation: Stand-your-Ground Laws and the Liberalizing of Self-Defense, Volvo 43 University of Toledo Law Review 417 (2012). Supporters of the castle doctrine-type laws recognize that there are times when the government's monopoly on violence must be set aside to allow law-abiding citizens to protect themselves when time is limited. Benjamin Levin, A Defensible Defense? : Reexamining Castle Doctrine Statues Volvo 47 Harvard Journal on Legislation 540 (2010).When an aggressor poses an immediate threat, the defender's preservation of self should take precedence over the aggressor's culpability. ‘d, at 539. Others like Jim Brady from The Brady Campaign believe that these laws are â€Å"ushering in a violent new era where civilians have more freedom to use deadly force than even the police. † Samara, Criminal Law, at 174 (2014). They also claim that these laws allow those who have an â€Å"itchy trigger finger† to simply claim that they were in fear and therefore justified in using deadly force. ‘d, at 174.To make things even more complex, states have their own versions of the law that are still in flux and fairly open to interpretation by courts?it is not always straightforward when someone is legally entitled to use deadly force to protect themselves. Levin, A Defensible Defense 534-536 (2010). What does â€Å"reasonable fear† even mean? Unfortunately, this is not easy to answer. Ohio's depiction of reasonable fear is somewhat helpful: the actor using deadly force must have a bona fide belief that he/she was in imminent danger f death or great bodily harm and the only means of escape was to use deadly force in retaliation.Wyatt Holiday, The Answer to Criminal Aggression is Retaliation: Stand- Your-Ground Laws and the Liberalizing of Self-Defense, Volvo 43 University of Toledo Law Review 425 (2012). The â€Å"honest† and â€Å"reasonable† requirements make it seem like a hybrid objective/sub]active requirement, but it's still a subjective standard as highlighted by the Ohio Supreme Court. ‘d, at 424. This court's instructions on this standard recommended that to determine whether a defendant had reasonable fear of imminent danger: †¦ U must put yourself in the position of the Defendant, with her characteristics, knowledge, or lack of knowledge, and under the same circumstances and conditions that surrounded the Defendant at the time. You must consider the conduct of [the victim] and determine if such acts and words caused the Def endant to reasonably and honestly believe that she was about to be killed or â€Å"reasonable fear† is so subjective, because of the wide range of situations people find themselves in; it doesn't seem feasible to create an objective test that measures such a subjective and virtually immeasurable emotion such as fear.Keep in mind how the law mentions that the only means of escape is the use of deadly force. Even though â€Å"reasonable fear† is such a subjective concept, it still has an impact in the courtroom compared to how self-defense laws used to be written. Before Stand- Your-Ground laws came about, defendants had the burden to show that their life and limb was actually in danger. Light at 234 (2012). Now, in certain Jurisdictions, citizens have to only prove that they had a â€Å"reasonable fear† that their life and limb were at jeopardy, and that they believed that deadly force was immediately necessary to peel this threat. D, at 234. This amounts to a sm aller burden of proof on the defendant, which is more challenging for the prosecution because disproving facts is a lot easier than disproving perceptions. ‘d, at 234. Is this a fair balance? The â€Å"reasonable fear† requirement is fair since it allows the state to make an inquiry into whether deadly force was used in a legitimate fashion without putting an excessive burden on citizens to Justify their use of force that can be easily defeated by prosecuting attorneys. What about the â€Å"duty to retreat? Should it still play a part n today's laws? Eric Del Bozo, Retreat Does Not Equal Surrender: Defensive Deadly Force in Dwellings After People v. Keen, Volvo 82 SST. John's Law Review 360-381 (2008) points out that the duty to retreat should still play a part in these self-defense laws, especially when retreat is a safe and reasonable option that could save a lot of violence. He concedes, however, that â€Å"one need not calmly evaluate exit strategies when faced wi th a pressing danger, for detached reflection cannot be demanded in the presence of an uplifted knife. ‘d, at 364. Also, it isn't reasonable to focus in midnight at whether the defendant could have safely retreated, which is a reason why â€Å"reasonable fear† is appropriate in order to focus on what the person knew at the time. ‘d, at 364. The way retreat is treated as an option and the thoughts of the person using force varies among states and even Jurisdictions within those states; some deemphasize the need to retreat while others focus more on the Justification of force and options for retreat. ‘d, at 363-364.In 2006 alone though, between 10 and 15 states repealed their laws that required persons to consider retreat before using defensive deadly force. D, at 377. This might not bode well in a case where a person shoots his neighbor over an argument over trash bins; Del Bozo suggests that stories making headlines tend to be neighbors and acquaintances fre ely assaulting each other rather than repelling home invasions. ‘d, at 377. However, he doesn't offer any statistics or empirical evidence that there is a trend in unjustifiable killings due to these laws.Nonetheless, the duty to retreat still has merit to allow the whole situation to be analyzed in court, and hold people accountable who may engage in â€Å"senseless† killings. ‘d, at 378. The prosecution should be able to show that retreat was indeed a viable option out of a respect for human life; there must be a balance between protecting the safety of both the assailant and the victim, but retreat should be looked at with the burden being on the non-aggressor. ‘d, at 380. There are five different concerns that law enforcement authorities have concerning these new and more aggressive self-defense laws.One unintended consequence could be police officers since citizens Just have to claim that they have â€Å"reasonable fear† in order to use deadly fo rce. ‘d, at 175. On the other hand, Florist's statute contains a revision which holds that citizens are not Justified in using deadly force against law enforcement officers as long as they are acting in an official capacity, have identified themselves as a police officer, or the person using force should have â€Å"reasonably' known it was a law enforcement officer. D, at 173. Indiana struggled with this unintended consequence, but actually ended up ruling that citizens cannot reasonably use deadly force against law enforcement officers. Jon Laramie, Indiana Constitutional Development: Debtors, Placements, and the Castle Doctrine, Volvo. 45 Indiana Law Review, 1049-1051 (2012). In Barnes v. Tate, 946 N. E. Ad 572 (2011), the Indiana Supreme Court stated that â€Å"public policy disavows recognizing a common law right to forcibly resist unlawful police entry into one's home. ‘d, at 1050. They also recognized that it isn't easy for citizens to recognize when a given poli ce entry is lawful or not, that injury is high due to upgrades in police equipment, and citizens have other remedies for unlawful entries (civil litigation, police disciplinary hearings, exclusionary rule, etc. ) ‘d, at 1050. The court did concede that a person has the right to â€Å"reasonably resist† an unlawful entry, but this doesn't amount to a defense of eatery or other violent acts against law enforcement. D, at 1051. The court also claimed that most other states have followed suite in this decision in the interest of law enforcement safety. ‘d, at 1050. Another concern is that the interpretation of these castle-type laws is in its infancy. Some believe that law enforcement training will constantly have to adapt to changing views on these laws, and that it will be almost impossible for police officers to determine whether these new laws are being invoked [applied properly. Supra, at 176.The next concern is that instead of Just avian to determine whether dan ger was imminent or there was a duty to retreat in a public place, police officers will now have to anticipate more â€Å"self-defense† claims. ‘d, at 176. This will increase the investigative burdens on officers, and proving a negative is difficult when the evidence is â€Å"in the hands of the defendant. † ‘d, at 176. This concern is exacerbated by the fact that law enforcement agencies are often understaffed and are already overworked. ‘d, at 176.Furthermore, police authorities are worried that these new laws will lead to a sort of apathy and degradation of vigilance among officers. D, at 176. They may get used to seeing â€Å"self- defense† claims and may dig deep enough into every claim as these new castle-type laws call for, especially if both parties have criminal records. ‘d, at 176. The last concern of law enforcement on castle-type laws are that citizens (a) will not be adequately aware of their right to use force in self-defens e and (b) will be considered a deterrence by criminals who may now view them as more able to defend themselves. D, at 176. Overall, people might feel safer because they are given more latitude to protect themselves, but they may not since they might be worried about there with â€Å"itchy trigger fingers. † ‘d, at 177. Also, there is a lack of empirical evidence that shows that the positive impacts outweigh the positive negative impacts. ‘d, at 177. However, the ironic part is that we will not know if these types of laws will â€Å"work† unless we employ them uniformly on a generalize sample size (many states/ jurisdictions) and then evaluate them over time using sound research methods. Ensure that citizens are able to defend themselves when they legitimately need to. Nobody said it would come without any consequences at all. A legal issue with hose castle doctrine-type laws according to Elizabeth Mega, Deadly Combinations: How Self-Defense Laws Pairing Imm unity with a Presumption of Fear Allows Criminals to â€Å"Get Away with Murder,† Volvo 34 American Journal of Trial Advocacy 105-134 (2010), is that reasonable fear and immunity can combine to create a virtual bar on prosecution for self-defense cases involving an individual's â€Å"castle. The state of Florida provides both a presumptive reasonable fear clause and an immunity clause; reasonable fear by itself can be rebutted by the prosecution at a later time, but immunity won't ever allow that to happen. D, at 108. Mega contends that such an â€Å"irrefutable conclusion† is unconstitutional and puts law enforcement in an awkward position to determine immunity. ‘d, at 108. Also, once immunity is granted it cannot be withdrawn and someone who was entitled to immunity cannot fight for it later on. ‘d, at 109.However, if someone is outside of their home they have to prove the reasonableness of their use of force before being qualified for immunity?this is p resumed in cases involving the home and motor vehicles though. ‘d, at 113.. Furthermore, at least in situations located at the defender's home, Florist's law sakes it impossible to make the determination that the defender's use of force was unlawful. ‘d, at 118. The law contains a provision that states that reasonable fear can be â€Å"presumed† when a person uses deadly force in the protection of their home?the police cannot make a probable cause determination. D, at 119. Florist's law puts law enforcement in a situation where they have to make determinations on the spot that prosecutors would normally make: they have to make determinations of immunity and attempt to disprove a presumption rather than establish a case. ‘d, at 120. Law enforcement normally investigate â€Å"unlawful† acts, but Florist's law tells officers to presume that acts of violence within the home are â€Å"lawful. † ‘d, at 121 . As for how to fix these statutory is sues, Mega contends that they are beyond fixing with Just guidelines and require rewording.Police could become so dependent on the guidelines that they may fail to see the big picture, defendants could end up in Jail trying to assert immunity, law enforcement may not understand the guidelines, and law enforcement have to engage in prosecutorial duties that they were not trained to do. D, at 130. Although â€Å"immunity' certain presents more problems, what about â€Å"reasonable fear† itself? Mega claims that the previous duty to retreat laws still allowed someone to use force, but only when there is no safe method of retreat. ‘d, at 115.In this way, common law held the respect for life on a higher level than the right to possess and use a gun. ‘d, at 115. However, with the new castle-type laws individuals can now react violently with little incentive to try and diffuse the situation by safely retreating. ‘d, at 115. The duty to retreat makes someone think twice about sing force instead of harming someone before considering whether an actual threat exists. ‘d, at 116. With these new Stand Your Ground and castle-type laws, individuals are authorized to act violently in the face of a â€Å"perceived† threat, which is very subjective and open to interpretation. D, at 129. In Florida, however, the law allows the state to prosecute individuals when probable cause is established that the force used was unlawful, at least outside of one's home. ‘d, at 130. This type of provision who use deadly force in a senseless or reckless manner without giving reasonable Hough into whether they're really facing impending danger. As mentioned earlier though, in the heat of the moment people's perceptions and their ability amount to think clearly in these intense situations will vary. How does â€Å"reasonable fear† play out in the context of a Jury trial?Stay Lee Burns, Demonstrating â€Å"Reasonable Fear† at Trial: Is it Science or Junk Science? Department of Sociology, Loyola Martyrdom University, Los Angles, CA 107-131 (2008) examined one murder trial in depth that involved reasonable fear. In this case, the Maddened brothers were charged and invoiced of first degree murder for shot-gunning their parents in their own home in August 1989. ‘d, at 109. During the trial, they confessed to parricide but claimed they held reasonable fear because of their prior sexual abuse by their father and acted in self-defense Justification defense). D, at 110. The Jury deadlocked at the first trial, which indicates the ambiguousness that reasonable fear can have at trial. ‘d, at 129. The defense proposed expert testimony that would show that the abuse the defendants underwent altered their mental state at the time of the killings because heir susceptibility to fear and perception of imminent danger were heightened. ‘d, at 112. U Timely, the Judge did not allow expert testimony pertaining to what h appened in the Maddened brothers' situation, but could attempt to generalize prior research on fear perception.Although there has been research on the limbic system, the part of the brain that processes fear, for the lastly years the results are far from conclusive and there is no test available that can show what the Maddened brothers' fear levels were at the time of the killing or whether their susceptibility had indeed been heightened because of trauma. ‘d, at 118- 127. Social science is only able to provide statistics and the likelihood that the Maddened brothers would act a certain way in a given situation. ‘d, at 122.There is a blood test available that can give insight into what a person's level of fear is, but the sample would have to be taken right at the moment of the crime (not feasible). ‘d, at 124. This case illustrates the tension between social science and the Judicial system that requires facts to relate to the particular case at hand. ‘d, at 128. It came down to what the Jury felt was â€Å"reasonable fear,† and how much they thought the expert testimony applied to the Maddened ease?it's no surprise that the Jury ended up deadlocked. D, at 128-129. In conclusion, the â€Å"reasonable fear† requirement is fair since it allows the state to make an inquiry into whether deadly force was used in a legitimate fashion without putting an excessive burden on citizens and giving too much of an advantage to prosecuting attorneys. Although â€Å"duty to retreat† shouldn't be strictly imposed or evaluated in hindsight, it is still applicable in situations where violence could have been easily avoided by practically walking away.While there are legitimate concerns such as Alice safety in no-knock searches with these more aggressive self-defense laws, the sad fact remains that little empirical evidence is out to date that shows any negative or positive trends associated with these laws. In addition, these laws and their interpretation are still in their infancy and are written differently among the states and their Jurisdictions. A legal issue that may not be empirically measurable, however, is how reasonable fear can be paired with immunity to create a bar on prosecution of those defending their home perhaps too readily.These people should burden of proof that can easily be discredited. Additionally, this presumption would leave police officers with the difficult task of making determinations on the spot that would normally be left to prosecuting attorneys. As for immunity, citizens should be granted immunity from civil litigation if their use of deadly force was Justified; they shouldn't have to be mired with legal action from the aggressor after they've already been in court.The Maddened case illustrates the limitations of science to prove reasonable fear in a court setting, and can only offer potential generalizations and statistics. Bottom line, â€Å"reasonable fear† ends up get ting determined by Juries, which ay not be that easy or uniform. Overall, the new and more aggressive self-defense laws are good for public policy with the exception of the presumption of reasonable fear in situations involving defending one's home.These laws necessarily give citizens more latitude in defending themselves without an undue burden of having to sit there and think about whether they should retreat or fear of future civil litigation. However, those who are inclined to resort to violence in the face of any perceived threat need to justify their actions in order to prevent senseless killings. They should only have to how that they had reasonable fear without a heavy burden of proof that prosecutors can easily defeat, which could be the beyond a reasonable doubt standard.An understandable concern is that these new laws will put a further burden on an already stressed and backlogged criminal Justice system, but we cannot put police officers in a position to try to make thes e determinations on the spot. We also cannot allow potential senseless killings to go unchallenged. Omitting the presumption clause and putting a little more emphasis on retreat options can better balance the defender's right of safety and the aggressor's culpability.